Why is the communication of a proposal essential for a valid contract to arise?

A. As per Section 4 of the Contract Act 1872, a proposal must be brought to the knowledge of the person to whom it is made for it to be complete and effective. Without this communication, the proposal remains inchoate and inconclusive, and no contract can be formed. Therefore, a proposal that has not been communicated to the intended recipient is not considered valid under contract law.

This FAQ is prepared by Sadia Saman Advocate